Encryption is a central piece of today's digital world. It is crucial in enhancing the confidentiality and security of data. In the realm of security and encryption, both public keys and private keys are crucial components.

Public keys and private key are part of a system known as public key cryptography or asymmetric cryptography. This model allows two parties to connect securely over an unsecured network. In this system, each party holds a pair of keys - a public key and a private key.

Public keys are distributed freely. They can be used by anyone to encrypt a message. Unlike public keys, private keys are kept hidden. Only the holder of a private key can utilize it. The message encrypted with the public key can only be decryptedby the corresponding private key.

Cryptography is the practice and study of encryption and decryption. It incorporates creating secure communication protocols. Several technologies such as Hash Functions, Symmetric-key Cryptography, and more concretely, Public Key Cryptography or Asymmetric Cryptography have emerged from this field.

The security provided by this technique is entwined with mathematical encryption algorithms and the complexity of factoring large prime numbers. It is computationally unviable to deduce the private key based on the public key.

In the realm of public key cryptography, the concept of public and private keys is used extensively in various protocols, providing functions such as authentication, integrity, and non-repudiation.

In conclusion, public and private keys in encryption are essential to modern cryptography and, by extension, to cybersecurity. They assist in ensuring the secure transfer of information in a world where digital communication has become widespread, more info ensuring that our private digital communications remain just that – private. Therefore, a profound understanding of these keys and their role in encryption and security can be extremely advantageous.